Johns Hopkins · EN.601.229 · Fall 2022

Data Representation

A Tour of CSF

• Links · Introduction · Binary Data Representation

Data Representation

• Bytes · C Data Types

Memory and Addresses

• Alignment · C Pointer · Bitwise Operations

Integer Representations

• Signed Integers · Sign Extension · Truncation · Converting signed and unsigned · Writing Programs

Integer Arithmetic

• Addition · Two's Complement Arithmetic · Integer Arithmetic In C · Shifts · Conversions · Overflows

Floating Point

• Scientific Notation · Steps to encode · C Representation · Special cases · Precision · Addition · Multiplication

Machine-Level Programming

Machine-Level Program Representation

• Compilation · x86-64 assembly programming · Memory · Stack · Assembly Language · Assembly Code Structure · Operands · Extension

ALU Operations

• Load Effective Address · Addition and Subtraction · Increment and Decrement · Shifts · Bitwise Logical Operations · Multiplication · Division · Memory Conversion

Assembly Advice

• Assembly Program Outline

Control Flow

• Decisions · Loops

Procedures

• Stack Memory Allocation

Arrays and Structs

• Arrays · Structs

Buffer Overflows

• Memory Safety · Vulnerabilities · Mitigations

Performance and Caches

Program Optimization

• Performance Realities · Optimizing Compilers

Pipelining

• MIPS Overview · Hazards

Program Optimization II

• Instruction-Level Parallelism · Ways to Optimize · Dealing with Conditions

Memory Hierarchy

• Locality · Cache · Memory Types

Cache Policies

• Memory Tradeoff · Cache Organization · Caching Strategies

Cache Writes and Performance

• Cache Writes · Cache Performance · Write Cache Friendly Code · Using Blocking

Linking and Processes

Linking

• Dynamic Linking · Static Linking

Shared Libraries

• Dynamic Loading

Process Control

• Exceptions · Processes · System calls

Signals

• Sending SIgnals · Receiving Signals

Virtual Memory

Virtual Memory I

• Virtual Memory · Caching

Virtual Memory II

• Memory Management · Address Translation · Refinements

Virtual Memory III

• Linux · Memory Mapping · Dynamic Memory Allocation

I/O and Networking

Unix I/O

• Intro · Files and Filesystems · System Calls, Unix I/O · Buffered I/O

Networks

• TCP/IP

Socket Application Protocols

• Unix Sockets · Application Protocols

Network Applications: HTTP

• Application Protocols · HTTP · HTTP Server Implementation · HTTP Client Implementation

Concurrency

Concurrency with pthreads

• Concurrency · Thread · Multithreaded Programming · Parallel Computation

Thread Synchronization

• Thread Syncrhonization · Semaphores and Mutexes. · Conway's game of line

Synchronization Issues

• Deadlocks · Condition Variables · Amdahl's Law

Concurrency Using Processes

• Concurrency · Processes · Signal Handler · Signal Blocking · Interrupted System Calls

I/O Multiplexing

• Blocking Operations · I/O Multiplexing with coroutines